Public economics examines the role of the government in the economy. It focuses on how government policies affect economic efficiency and social welfare. Key topics include taxation, public spending, and the provision of public goods. Recent trends highlight a growing interest in sustainable public finance and the impact of fiscal policies on economic recovery. Understanding public economics is essential for policymakers and citizens alike, as it shapes decisions on resource allocation and economic equity. This article explores the fundamental concepts, current trends, and implications of public economics for society and the economy.